What is a MiTM Attack?

MiTM attack

A MiTM attack (Man-in-the-Middle attack) is a serious cybersecurity threat in which attackers intercept and manipulate communication between two parties, often without detection. These attacks allow cybercriminals to eavesdrop on or alter messages, putting sensitive data at risk.

The objective of an MiTM attack is to illegally acquire personal data, including login credentials and credit card information. Typically, the targets of such attacks are users of financial applications, e-commerce platforms, and other applications that require user authentication.

In this article, we shed light on the nature of a MiTM attack and how they exploit vulnerabilities in communication channels.

How Does a MiTM Attack Works?

A MiTM attack works when the attacker positions themselves between the communication of two parties. This could be between a user and a website, two devices communicating over a network, etc. Here’s how it unfolds:

  • Interception: The attacker intercepts communication between two parties, making them believe they are communicating directly with each other.
  • Eavesdropping: The attacker can eavesdrop on the data being transmitted, collecting sensitive data such as passwords, credit card numbers, or other confidential data.
  • Modification: The attacker can alter the data being transmitted. For example, they might modify a legitimate message, redirect a user to a malicious website, or inject malware into the communication.
  • Impersonation: The attacker can impersonate one or both parties involved in the communication. This allows them to gain unauthorized access to systems or manipulate the communication for their benefit.

Common MiTM Attack Techniques

A MiTM attack can occur through various channels, including Wi-Fi, email, web browsers, or any method of data transmission between parties. Common techniques used in MiTM attacks include:

  • Eavesdropping: The attacker intercepts data packets as they travel between the two legitimate parties, allowing them to monitor the communication.
  • Data Manipulation: The attacker can modify the data being exchanged between the two parties. For example, they can alter the content of emails, change URLs in web requests, or manipulate financial transactions.
  • Session Hijacking: Attackers may attempt to take control of an existing session between a user and a website. Potentially impersonating the user.
  • SSL Stripping: Attackers may try to downgrade secure HTTPS connections to unencrypted HTTP. Making it easier to intercept and manipulate data.
  • Rogue Access Points: Attackers set up rogue Wi-Fi access points with names similar to legitimate networks. Tricking users into connecting to the malicious network.
  • ARP Spoofing: Attackers manipulate Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to associate their MAC address with the IP address of the target device. Diverting traffic through their system.
  • DNS Spoofing: Attackers can compromise the Domain Name System (DNS) to redirect users to malicious websites.

A MiTM attack is particularly dangerous because it exploits trust in communication protocols, making the breach undetectable to users. To prevent such attacks, organizations must enforce robust security measures and protocols.

MiTM Attack Devices

One particularly concerning variant of a MiTM attack is the hardware-based approach, where rogue devices are used to infiltrate communication channels. These attacks require physical access to critical assets, such as Wi-Fi routers, network servers, or ATMs. This enables cyber attackers to attach rogue devices and initiate their malicious activities, compromising the integrity of the communication and potentially causing severe damage.

For instance, rogue USB devices disguised as legitimate hardware can be used to inject malicious code into systems. Attackers may also exploit compromised network cables or switches to facilitate their attacks, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or disrupting system operations.

A notable example of a MiTM attack is the Black Box attack, which became well-known in 2017 and still poses a threat. In this attack, a rogue device is plugged into an ATM’s USB port, intercepting and altering communication between the ATM and cash dispenser. The consequences can be devastating, as the attacker can command the machine to dispense cash, causing substantial financial losses.

The Importance of Physical Layer Visibility

Traditional security solutions often overlook physical layer visibility within the OSI model, creating a critical network assets visibility gap. This makes it essential for organizations to adopt proactive measures that address hardware-based threats. Unfortunately, conventional solutions such as Network Access Control (NAC), IDS, and EPS fail to cover the physical layer, allowing rogue devices to go undetected and leaving network assets vulnerable to hardware cyber-attacks.

A 2023 report revealed that, in the first half of the year, nearly all logical attacks on ATMs were MiTM attacks, resulting in losses exceeding $500,000.

Sepio’s physical layer analysis generates Hardware DNA profiles for all known and shadow assets, significantly enhancing visibility and closing security gaps. By evaluating electrical, mechanical, and functional characteristics, this approach ensures impartial, objective assessments, eliminating misleading perceptions or behavioral assumptions. Sepio’s platform enables enterprises to accurately detect and identify assets, regardless of function or location, effectively eliminating network blind spots and bolstering overall cybersecurity.

How to Prevent a MiTM Attack

A MiTM attack is a serious security threat. It can lead to the theft of sensitive information such as login credentials, personal data, and financial details. To defend against the insidiousness of MiTM attacks and the persistent risk of Black Box intrusions, Sepio offers an unparalleled solution. Sepio’s platform ensures comprehensive asset visibility. It detects all hardware devices—whether IT, OT, or IoT—leaving no assets undetected. This secures networks against potential threats.

Furthermore, Sepio’s Asset Risk Platform (ARM) provides robust policy enforcement mechanisms, allowing for comprehensive hardware access control. Through its rogue device mitigation feature, the solution instantly identifies and blocks unauthorized or malicious hardware, neutralizing potential MiTM attacks. By adopting a Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), organizations can effectively thwart Black Box attacks and maintain the integrity of their communication channels.

Sepio's Discovered Assets
Sepio’s Discovered Assets

By understanding the nature of Man-in-the-Middle attacks and utilizing Sepio’s advanced security solutions, organizations can strengthen their defenses against hardware-based threats. Leverage the power of Layer 1 visibility and comprehensive hardware access control to protect your communication channels from MiTM attacks. Stay ahead of cyber threats and ensure the security and confidentiality of your digital communications.

Protect Against MiTM Attacks

Talk to an expert and discover how Sepio’s patented technology can protect your organization from MiTM attacks. Gain control of your hardware, secure your communication channels, and stay ahead of evolving threats.

Why Choose Sepio?

  • Comprehensive Asset Visibility: Detect IT, OT, and IoT devices in real-time.
  • Rogue Device Mitigation: Instantly block malicious hardware to neutralize potential threats like MiTM attacks.
  • Enhanced Security: Protect communication channels with Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA).

Safeguard your organization with Sepio’s advanced security solutions. Contact us today to learn how we can eliminate MiTM attack vulnerabilities and secure your network from unauthorized access. Sepio’s Asset Risk Management (ARM) platform offers proactive defense against sophisticated threats like MiTM attacks. Act now to strengthen cybersecurity and protect your network.

June 16th, 2022